Month: June 2026

Source: United States White House

By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered:

Section 1.  Purpose.  The United States continues to lead the world in Artificial Intelligence (AI) because of the enormous talent and innovation of our AI industry, and because we refuse to stifle this innovation with overly burdensome regulation.  My Administration has unleashed tremendous technological growth and economic investment in AI by slashing the bureaucratic constraints that the prior administration placed on America’s AI developers and researchers, and by instead encouraging AI innovation and accelerating responsible AI adoption across government and industry. 

Advanced AI capabilities make our Nation stronger, but also introduce new national security considerations that require coordinated action across executive departments and agencies (agencies), and components.  As these capabilities evolve, my Administration will continue to work closely with industry to ensure that the best and most secure technology is deployed rapidly to confront any and all threats to our country.  We will continue to lead an America First cybersecurity effort that enhances both our national security and our global AI dominance.

It is the policy of the United States to promote AI innovation and security by working collaboratively with the private sector to modernize government and private sector information systems and harden them against external threats; to protect American ingenuity and intellectual property from exploitation and theft by adversaries; and to cultivate America’s advanced AI-enabled capabilities.

Sec. 2.  Upgrading American Systems for Advanced AI.  (a)  Within 30 days of the date of this order, the Committee on National Security Systems shall prioritize the cyber defense of National Security Systems, as defined in 44 U.S.C. 3552(b)(6)(A), by taking appropriate and expeditious action consistent with the purpose of this order.

(b)  Within 30 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of War shall prioritize the cyber defense of Department of War information systems by taking appropriate and expeditious action consistent with the purpose of this order.

(c)  Within 30 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of Homeland Security, through the Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA), in consultation with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, and the National Cyber Director, shall release Binding Operational Directives and other guidance as appropriate to:

(i)    expedite and prioritize the cyber defense of civilian Federal Government information systems in order to protect our Nation’s vital functions;

(ii)   establish or expand Federal programs and cybersecurity services that enhance AI-enabled defensive tools; and

(iii)  facilitate access to cybersecurity tools and services including, where appropriate, covered frontier models for agencies, State and local authorities, and operators of critical infrastructure such as rural hospitals, community banks, and local utilities.

(d)  Within 30 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of the Treasury, in consultation with the National Cyber Director, the Secretary of War, through the Director of the National Security Agency (NSA), and the Secretary of Homeland Security, through the Director of CISA, shall form an AI cybersecurity clearinghouse, in voluntary collaboration with the AI industry and operators of critical infrastructure, that coordinates and deconflicts scanning for software vulnerabilities, discovers and validates such vulnerabilities, and coordinates and prioritizes remediation and distribution of vulnerability patches.

(e)  Within 30 days of the date of this order, the Director of OMB, in coordination with the National Cyber Director and the Director of CISA, shall determine whether any Federal grant programs have available and relevant funding that can be directed toward applicants developing advanced AI vulnerability detection.

(f)  Within 60 days of the date of this order, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall expand the United States Tech Force Information Cybersecurity Specialist hiring and placement pathways.

Sec. 3.  Secure Frontier Model Deployment.  Within 60 days of the date of this order, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of War, through the Director of NSA, and the Secretary of Homeland Security, through the Director of CISA, in consultation with the White House Chief of Staff, through the National Cyber Director, the Assistant to the President for Science and Technology (APST), and the Secretary of Commerce, through the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and in coordination with other agencies, as appropriate, shall:

(a)  develop and maintain a classified benchmarking process to assess the advanced cyber capabilities of AI models and determine the threshold at which an AI model should be designated a “covered frontier model” for the purposes of this order, sharing such assessments with AI developers and researchers as appropriate.  Such a determination shall be made by the Director of NSA, in consultation with the National Cyber Director, the APST, the Director of CISA, and other representatives of the Department of War, as appropriate.

(b)  design a voluntary framework with AI developers through which developers would be able to:

(i)    engage the Federal Government to determine whether model(s) under development meet the designation of “covered frontier model”;

(ii)   provide the Federal Government with access to covered frontier models, subject to appropriate confidentiality, cybersecurity, insider-risk, and intellectual-property protection, use, and nondisclosure requirements, for a period of up to 30 days before they plan to release such models to other trusted partners; and 

(iii)  collaborate with the Federal Government to select trusted partners that will have early access to covered frontier models to promote secure innovation and strengthen the cybersecurity of critical infrastructure.

(c)  Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize the creation of a mandatory governmental licensing, preclearance, or permitting requirement for the development, publication, release, or distribution of new AI models, including frontier models.

Sec. 4.  Protection Against Criminal Actors.  The Attorney General shall prioritize the enforcement of 18 U.S.C. 1028, 18 U.S.C. 1030, 18 U.S.C. 1343, and all other applicable Federal criminal laws against anyone who utilizes AI to illegally access or damage a computer without authorization, or who utilizes AI while engaged in such illegal access to further any other crime.  This includes breaching any public or private information technology system, or employing AI agents to unlawfully access data or information that is subsequently used for a criminal or unlawful purpose.

Sec. 5.  General Provisions.  (a)  Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:

(i)   the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or

(ii)  the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.

(b)  This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.

(c)  This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.

(d)  The costs for publication of this order shall be borne by the Department of War.

                             DONALD J. TRUMP

THE WHITE HOUSE,

    June 2, 2026.

Source: United States White House

BOLSTERING DOMESTIC MANUFACTURING OF STRATEGIC METALS: Today, President Donald J. Trump signed a Proclamation adjusting certain metals tariffs to more effectively address national security threats, spur investment in American agriculture, housing, and manufacturing, and facilitate U.S. production of related products.  

• The Proclamation adjusts the tariffs on agricultural equipment, like combines and harvesters, as well as certain other equipment, from 25% to 15%.  
• The Proclamation also expands the existing category of industrial equipment subject to a 15% tariff to include mobile industrial equipment, like bulldozers and forklifts, when imported from trade deal countries that are entitled to such treatment. 
• The Proclamation encourages foreign companies to use more U.S. steel and aluminum by allowing them to qualify for a 10% duty rate, if their capital equipment include at least 85% U.S. melted and poured or smelted and cast steel or aluminum by weight. 
• These tariff changes are temporary, lasting until December 31, 2027, to spur near–term investments that will rebuild the Nation’s industrial base.

STRENGTHENING CRITICAL AMERICAN INDUSTRIES: President Trump has utilized tariffs on imported aluminum, steel, and copper to protect the national security of the United States, the economic resilience of vital industries, and the financial position of American families, communities, and businesses from the threat of low-priced foreign imports.  

• In 2025, the United States became the third largest steel producing nation in the world, surging past rival economies—thanks to President Trump’s Section 232 tariffs program. New steel plants are being built in America, for the first time in a generation, revitalizing our great steel communities and providing good-paying jobs for American workers.
  • Over 4 million tons of new crude steelmaking capacity is expected to become operational in the next two years, including in West Virginia, Arkansas, and South Carolina, with additional investments underway across the country.
• New investment in U.S. aluminum and copper smelting is also underway across America. Earlier this year, Century Aluminum and Emirates Global Aluminum announced a joint venture to build the first new aluminum smelter in the United States in decades, in Oklahoma. Companies such as Highland Copper, Ivanhoe Electric, Rio Tinto, and Wieland are expanding U.S. copper mining, smelting, and fabrication facilities.
• This buildout — and the continued health of these vital American industries — is only possible through the continued implementation and strengthening of the President’s Section 232 tariff programs. These tariffs ensure domestic producers and workers can compete on a level playing field with foreign producers.

PUTTING AMERICAN PRODUCTION FIRST: Today’s action builds on the previous actions taken by President Trump utilizing Section 232 to strengthen national security while uplifting the economic position of American workers, families, and communities. 

• In his first term, President Trump revolutionized international trade by using Section 232 to address decades of short-sighted, globalist trade policies that had allowed domestic steel and aluminum industries to weaken, impairing our national security.
• This term, President Trump has continued taking actions under Section 232 to protect and strengthen domestic manufacturing critical for our national and economic security, including imposing tariffs and directing negotiations with trading partners covering a variety of goods, including steel, aluminum, copper, trucks and automobiles, timber, lumber, semiconductors, critical minerals, and pharmaceuticals.
  • These actions strengthen these essential U.S. industries and the U.S. industrial base, ensure domestic producers and workers can compete on a level playing field, protect American jobs, and bolster American national security and public health.
• In May 2026, U.S. manufacturing grew at its fastest rate in four years, its fifth straight month of expansion — nearly tripling expectations. President Trump’s America First trade policies continue to deliver and strengthen the economy and national security of the United States.
• Through negotiations and the strategic use of tariffs, President Trump has secured trillions in private and foreign investment to bring jobs and manufacturing back to the United States and the American people.

Source: United States White House

class=”has-text-align-center”>BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

A PROCLAMATION

1.  In Proclamation 9704 of March 8, 2018 (Adjusting Imports of Aluminum Into the United States), as amended; Proclamation 9705 of March 8, 2018 (Adjusting Imports of Steel Into the United States), as amended; and Proclamation 10962 of July 30, 2025 (Adjusting Imports of Copper Into the United States), as amended, I found, under section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended, 19 U.S.C. 1862 (section 232), that aluminum, steel, and copper are being imported into the United States in such quantities or under such circumstances as to threaten to impair the national security of the United States and took action under section 232 to adjust imports of aluminum, steel, and copper articles and their derivative articles (collectively, metal products) so that such imports will not threaten to impair the national security.  Specifically, to address the national security threats found in Proclamation 9704, Proclamation 9705, and Proclamation 10962, I established tariff regimes, which included imposing additional ad valorem duties on certain imports of metal products.

2.  In Proclamation 11021 of April 2, 2026 (Strengthening Actions Taken To Adjust Imports of Aluminum, Steel, and Copper Into the United States), I modified the tariff regimes established under section 232 for imports of metal products to more effectively address the national security threats found in Proclamation 9704, Proclamation 9705, and Proclamation 10962.  In particular, I imposed an ad valorem duty of 50 percent on products made of those metals; an ad valorem duty of 25 percent on derivative products that tend to be predominately composed of those metals; and a temporarily-reduced ad valorem duty of 15 percent on a subset of derivative products, namely fixed industrial machinery and power equipment. 

3.  Based on the Secretary of Commerce’s (Secretary) monitoring and consultation with other senior officials, among other things, the Secretary has provided me information, opinions, and recommendations regarding the tariff regimes imposed in Proclamation 9704, as amended; Proclamation 9705, as amended; and Proclamation 10962, as amended, and the national security threats found in those proclamations.  Among other things, the Secretary has informed me that recent circumstances have affected and are affecting domestic industries that use agricultural equipment, industrial equipment and machinery, and other related products.  Many products in these categories are treated as derivative articles of aluminum or steel because they tend to be predominantly composed of aluminum or steel.  These products also serve an important role in productive domestic economic activity.  For example, American farmers use agricultural equipment to produce the food upon which our Nation relies; construction equipment is essential for the continued reindustrialization of our Nation; and material-handling equipment enables industrial logistics and factory operations.

4.  To account for these circumstances, the Secretary recommended that I modify the tariffs imposed on these products pursuant to Proclamation 9704, as amended, and Proclamation 9705, as amended.  In particular, the Secretary recommended that I expand the category of derivative products subject to the temporarily-reduced 15 percent ad valorem duty to include agricultural equipment and certain heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and components that are predominately for residential use, which are currently treated as aluminum or steel derivative products.  The Secretary also recommended that I temporarily modify the tariffs imposed on mobile industrial equipment and machinery to support the American businesses and factories that use these products.

5.  In addition, the Secretary has recommended that I include two types of aluminum and steel products (aluminum lithographic plates and steel racks) that are not currently subject to aluminum and steel tariffs within the product coverage of Proclamation 11021, to ensure that they are subject to the appropriate tariffs for aluminum and steel derivative products and to ensure that the purpose of the tariff regimes to address the national security threats found in Proclamation 9704 and Proclamation 9705 are not undermined.  The Secretary also recommended that I modify the threshold for imported products to qualify as made “entirely” from American aluminum, steel, or copper, as that term is used in Proclamation 11021.

6.  After considering the current information, opinions, and recommendations newly provided by the Secretary; the factors in section 232 (19 U.S.C. 1862(d)); the need to address the national security threats found in Proclamation 9704, Proclamation 9705, and Proclamation 10962; and other relevant factors and information, I determine that it is necessary and appropriate to modify, as further described below, the tariff regimes for metal products imposed in Proclamation 9704, as amended, Proclamation 9705, as amended, and Proclamation 10962, as amended.

7.  I determine that agricultural equipment and certain HVAC systems and components that are predominantly for residential use shall be included in the category of derivative products subject to the temporarily-reduced 15 percent ad valorem duty under Proclamation 11021.  In my judgment, this modification appropriately accounts for these products’ roles in productive economic activity in the United States and accounts for recent circumstances affecting the relevant industries and services that use these products, while also enabling the tariff regimes to continue effectively addressing the national security threats found in Proclamation 9704 and Proclamation 9705. 

8.  I determine that it is necessary and appropriate to temporarily modify the tariffs imposed on mobile industrial equipment and machinery, as detailed below.  In my judgment, this temporary modification appropriately accounts for these products’ roles in productive economic activity in the United States and accounts for recent circumstances affecting the relevant industries and services that use these products, while also allowing the tariff regimes to continue effectively addressing the national security threats found in Proclamation 9704 and Proclamation 9705.

9.  I determine that aluminum lithographic plates and steel racks constitute aluminum and steel derivative products that should be subject to the applicable derivative tariff under Proclamation 11021.  In my judgment, subjecting these products to the derivative tariff in Proclamation 11021 will ensure that the tariffs on metal products are not circumvented and that the purpose of the actions to address the national security threats found in Proclamation 9704 and Proclamation 9705 is not undermined.

10.  I determine that it is appropriate to modify the threshold for imported products to qualify as made “entirely” from American aluminum, steel, or copper, as that term is used in Proclamation 11021.  The current threshold of 95 percent shall be modified to 85 percent.  In my judgment, this modification will incentivize increased use of American aluminum, steel, and copper in downstream derivative products and further the purpose of the actions to address the national security threats found in Proclamation 9704, Proclamation 9705, and Proclamation 10962.

11.  Section 232 authorizes the President to adjust the imports of an article and its derivatives that are being imported into the United States in such quantities or under such circumstances as to threaten to impair the national security of the United States so that such imports will not threaten to impair the national security.

12.  Section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended, 19 U.S.C. 2483 (section 604), authorizes the President to embody in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) the substance of statutes affecting import treatment, and actions thereunder, including the removal, modification, continuance, or imposition of any rate of duty or other import restriction.

NOW, THEREFORE, I, DONALD J. TRUMP, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including section 232, section 604, and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, do hereby proclaim as follows:

(1)  Effective with respect to goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on June 8, 2026, subchapter III of chapter 99 of the HTSUS is modified as provided in Annex IV to this proclamation and the lists of products provided in Annex I-A, Annex I-B, Annex II, and Annex III of Proclamation 11021 are modified as set forth in the annexes to this proclamation.

(2)  Effective with respect to goods entered for consumption, or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on June 8, 2026, until 11:59 p.m. eastern standard time on December 31, 2027, the applicable additional ad valorem rate of duty imposed pursuant to section 232 under Proclamation 9704, as amended, and Proclamation 9705, as amended, for all aluminum and steel articles listed in Annex I-C to this proclamation shall be:

(a)  25 percent, unless a lower rate of duty applies pursuant to clause (2)(b), (2)(c), or (2)(d) of this proclamation;

(b)  For products of Argentina, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Liechtenstein, Switzerland, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, or a member nation of the European Union, the rate of duty shall be determined by the product’s current ad valorem (or ad valorem equivalent) rate of duty under Column 1 of the HTSUS (Column 1 Duty Rate).  For products of these jurisdictions with a Column 1 Duty Rate that is less than 15 percent, the sum of the Column 1 Duty Rate and the additional section 232 ad valorem rate of duty pursuant to this clause, shall be 15 percent.  For products of these jurisdictions with a Column 1 Duty Rate that is at least 15 percent, the additional section 232 ad valorem rate of duty imposed pursuant to this clause shall be zero percent;

(c)  10 percent, determined based on the product’s current ad valorem (or ad valorem equivalent) Column 1 Duty Rate in the same manner outlined in clause (2)(b) of this proclamation, for derivative articles the aluminum content of which is composed entirely of aluminum that was smelted and cast in the United States, or the steel content of which is composed entirely of steel that was melted and poured in the United States; and

(d)  For products of Canada and Mexico that qualify for preferential tariff treatment under the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement, a duty of 25 percent shall apply only to the non-U.S. content of the product.  For purposes of this clause, “non-U.S. content” means the total value of the product minus the value attributable to parts produced in the United States.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, the total effective duty on the imported product assessed under this subclause shall not be less than 15 percent ad valorem, as detailed in Annex IV of this proclamation.  The Secretary shall issue guidance to U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) regarding the assessment of “U.S. content” for purposes of this clause.  If CBP determines that an importer has engaged in fraud or has deliberately misled the United States Government regarding the United States content of an imported product, CBP shall impose penalties to the extent permitted by law. 

(3)(a)  Effective with respect to goods entered for consumption or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern standard time on January 1, 2028, the applicable additional ad valorem rate of duty imposed under Proclamation 9704, as amended; Proclamation 9705, as amended; and Proclamation 10962, as amended, for imports of products listed in Annex I-C to this proclamation shall be the rates set out in clause (3) of Proclamation 11021.

(b)  If a product is subject to multiple rates of duty under clause (2) of this proclamation, the lowest applicable rate of duty shall apply.

(4)  For purposes of this proclamation and Proclamation 11021, as set forth in Annex IV to this proclamation, a product’s metal content shall be deemed composed entirely of aluminum that was smelted and cast in the United States, of steel that was melted and poured in the United States, or of copper that was smelted and cast in the United States, if such aluminum, steel, and copper account for at least 85 percent of weight of the aluminum, steel, and copper of the product.

(5)  The Secretary, in consultation with the United States Trade Representative (Trade Representative), the Chair of the International Trade Commission, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and any other senior official the Secretary deems appropriate, shall determine whether any modifications to the HTSUS are necessary to effectuate or implement this proclamation or any actions taken pursuant to this proclamation, and shall make such modifications through notice in the Federal Register.  The Secretary may also make any technical corrections to any annexes to this proclamation.  

(6)  The Secretary shall continue to monitor imports of metal products.  The Secretary and the Trade Representative shall review the status of imports of metal products with respect to the national security.  The Secretary and the Trade Representative shall inform the President of any circumstances that, in their opinion, might indicate the need for further Presidential action under section 232.  The Secretary and the Trade Representative shall also inform the President of any circumstance that, in their opinion, might indicate that any of the actions taken under section 232 are no longer necessary.

(7)  To the extent consistent with applicable law, the Secretary, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the Trade Representative are directed and authorized to take all actions that are appropriate to implement and effectuate this proclamation and any actions contemplated by this proclamation ‑- including through temporary suspension or amendment of regulations or through notices in the Federal Register and by adopting rules, regulations, or guidance — and to employ all powers granted to the President, including by section 232, as may be appropriate to implement and effectuate this proclamation.  The head of each executive department and agency (agency) is authorized to and shall take all appropriate measures within the agency’s authority to implement this proclamation.  The head of each agency may, consistent with applicable law, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, redelegate the authority to take such appropriate measures within the agency.

(8)  The Secretary, in consultation with the Trade Representative and any other senior official the Secretary deems appropriate, may issue regulations and guidance consistent with this proclamation, including to address operational necessity.

(9)  The Secretary of Homeland Security may take any appropriate measures to administer, implement, and enforce this proclamation and the tariffs regimes imposed in Proclamation 9704, as amended; Proclamation 9705, as amended; and Proclamation 10962, as amended. 

(10)  Any provision of previous proclamations and Executive Orders that is inconsistent with this proclamation is superseded to the extent of such inconsistency.

(11)  If any provision of this proclamation or the application of any provision of this proclamation to any individual or circumstance is held to be invalid, the remainder of this proclamation and the application of its provisions to any other individual or circumstance shall not be affected.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this first day of June, in the year of our Lord two thousand twenty‑six, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fiftieth.

ANNEX I-A

ANNEX I-B

ANNEX I-C

ANNEX II

ANNEX III

ANNEX IV

DONALD J. TRUMP

Source: United States White House

On Global Coptic Day, we celebrate the enduring faith, time-honored traditions, and remarkable resilience of the Coptic Orthodox Church.

More than 2,000 years ago, the Holy Family fled to Egypt and sought refuge from persecution, blessing the land that later became home to one of the world’s oldest Christian communities.  When Saint Mark the Evangelist began spreading the Gospel in Egypt decades later, he planted a seed that would grow into the extraordinary Coptic Orthodox Church. 

Today, Coptic Christians throughout the United States enrich our national life through their devotion to God, love of family, and steadfast witness to the blessings of faith and freedom.  Yet throughout the world, Coptic Christians have faced the oppression of empires, persecution, and unspeakable violence—from martyrs like Saint Maurice in the ancient world to the 21 Coptic construction workers brutally executed by ISIS terrorists on a Libyan beach just 11 years ago.  The violent persecution of Christians is a barbaric evil, and my Administration remains firmly committed to ending it in all its forms.

As President, I proudly established the Religious Liberty Commission to safeguard the free exercise of faith and protect the fundamental rights of religious believers across our country.  The Commission is also tasked with working to further the cause of religious liberty around the world.  America stands as the ultimate example of freedom to the world, and we will always defend the right of every person to live out their faith openly, freely, and without fear.

As we celebrate 250 glorious years of American Independence, Global Coptic Day stands as a profound testament to a truth written in the very soul of this Republic—that the free exercise of religion is the cornerstone of our constitutional way of life, the first freedom enshrined by our Founders, and the liberty every tyrant has always feared and sought to destroy.  The faithful of the Coptic Orthodox Church, who have carried their cross through centuries of fire and suffering to emerge stronger each time, remind every American what it truly means to stand firm in faith, endure with courage, and trust in the providence of Almighty God.